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Austria has low levels of labour migration from non-EU/EFTA countries. At the same time, intra-EU free mobility has grown significantly and since 2011, overall migration for employment is above the OECD average. It recently reformed its labour migration system, making it more ready to accept labour migrants where they are needed, especially in medium-skilled occupations in which there were limited admission possibilities previously. This publication analyses the reform and the Austrian labour migration management system in international comparison.
Foreign workers --- Immigrants --- Employment --- Emigrants --- Foreign-born population --- Foreign population --- Foreigners --- Migrants --- Persons --- Aliens --- Austria
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Le potentiel de la diaspora comme source de développement économique et social dans le pays d'origine et le fait de savoir si elle peut contribuer à favoriser ce développement, dépendent de ses caractéristiques, telles que la taille, la composition, le niveau des compétences et le degré de concentration, mais également de son niveau d’intégration dans les pays d’accueil. Ces éléments sont aussi tributaires de la situation économique, politique et sociale qui prévaut dans le pays d’origine. Les gouvernements des pays d'origine et de destination peuvent en effet faciliter la participation des diasporas, en soutenant des réseaux, en améliorant les canaux de communication avec le pays d'origine, en développant un environnement propice, ou - plus directement - en facilitant la mobilité des compétences et leur utilisation. Autant d’éléments qui rendent cruciale la capacité de caractériser le profil des diasporas. Cette publication conjointe de l’OCDE (Organisation de coopération et de développement économiques) et de l’AfD (Agence française de développement) comprend 140 notes pays résumant : la taille des diasporas, en prenant en compte les enfants d’immigrés nés dans le pays d’accueil) ; les caractéristiques des populations émigrées (sexe, âge, niveau d’éducation, résultats sur le marché du travail) ; les effectifs et les principaux pays de destinations des étudiants internationaux ; les flux récents de migrants vers les pays de l’OCDE ; ainsi que des informations sur les souhaits d’émigrer des différents groupes de migrants. Les informations sont regroupées en six régions : Asie et Océanie (chapitre 2) ; Amérique latine et Caraïbes (chapitre 3) ; pays de l’OCDE (chapitre 4) ; Europe hors OCDE et Asie centrale (chapitre 5) ; Moyen-Orient et Afrique du Nord (chapitre 6) ; et Afrique subsaharienne (chapitre 7). La situation dans chacune des régions est introduite par une description des tendances historiques des migrations, des principales diasporas originaires de la région, et des développements futurs et défis probables
Immigrants. --- Emigrants --- Foreign-born population --- Foreign population --- Foreigners --- Migrants --- Persons --- Aliens
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The Dutch labour migration system has undergone substantive changes in recent years. To induce a transition to more high-skilled migration, a programme based on salary thresholds has grown in volume while a programme based on work permits after a labour market test has shrunk. New programmes target international graduates either of Dutch educational institutions or of selected institutions abroad. Changes to immigration procedures have shifted responsibility to migrants' employers and have greatly reduced processing times. This review first examines the composition of labour migration to the Netherlands, in the context of present and expected demand in the Dutch labour market. Following a discussion of various programmes and procedures, the review assesses how labour migration contributes to the strategic development of sectors and to employment in regions. It then explores the determinants for the retention of high-skilled migrants and for the integration of international graduates into the Dutch labour market.
Foreign workers --- Immigrants --- Employment --- Emigrants --- Foreign-born population --- Foreign population --- Foreigners --- Migrants --- Persons --- Aliens --- Netherlands
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Foreign workers --- Immigrants --- Employment --- Emigrants --- Foreign-born population --- Foreign population --- Foreigners --- Migrants --- Persons --- Aliens
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Immigrants. --- Emigrants --- Foreign-born population --- Foreign population --- Foreigners --- Migrants --- Persons --- Aliens
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This insightful work on rural health in the United States examines the ways immigrants, mainly from Latin America and the Caribbean, navigate the health care system in the United States. Since 1990, immigration to the United States has risen sharply, and rural areas have seen the highest increases. Thurka Sangaramoorthy reveals that that the corporatization of health care delivery and immigration policies are deeply connected in rural America. Drawing from fieldwork that centers on Maryland's sparsely populated Eastern Shore, Sangaramoorthy shows how longstanding issues of precarity among rural health systems along with the exclusionary logics of immigration have mutually fashioned a "landscape of care" in which shared conditions of physical suffering and emotional anxiety among immigrants and rural residents generate powerful forms of regional vitality and social inclusion. Sangaramoorthy connects the Eastern Shore and its immigrant populations to many other places around the world that are struggling with the challenges of global migration, rural precarity, and health governance. Her extensive ethnographic and policy research shows the personal stories behind health inequity data and helps to give readers a human entry point into the enormous challenges of immigration and rural health.
Immigrants --- Emigrants --- Foreign-born population --- Foreign population --- Foreigners --- Migrants --- Persons --- Medical care
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"Turning toward Edification discusses foreigners in Korea from before the founding of Chosŏn in 1392 until the mid-nineteenth century. Although it has been common to describe Chosŏn Korea as a monocultural and homogeneous state, Adam Bohnet reveals the considerable presence of foreigners and people of foreign ancestry in Chosŏn Korea as well as the importance to the Chosŏn monarchy of engagement with the outside world. These foreigners included Jurchens and Japanese from border polities that formed diplomatic relations with Chosŏn prior to 1592, Ming Chinese and Japanese deserters who settled in Chosŏn during the Japanese invasion between 1592 and 1598, Chinese and Jurchen refugees who escaped the Manchu state that formed north of Korea during the early seventeenth century, and even Dutch castaways who arrived in Chosŏn during the mid-1700s. Foreigners were administered by the Chosŏn monarchy through the tax category of "submitting-foreigner" (hyanghwain). This term marked such foreigners as uncivilized outsiders coming to Chosŏn to receive moral edification and they were granted Korean spouses, Korean surnames, land, agricultural tools, fishing boats, and protection from personal taxes. Originally the status was granted for a limited time, however, by the seventeenth century it had become hereditary. Beginning in the 1750s foreign descendants of Chinese origin were singled out and reclassified as imperial subjects (hwangjoin), giving them the right to participate in the palace-sponsored Ming Loyalist rituals. Bohnet argues that the evolution of their status cannot be explained by a Confucian or Sinocentric enthusiasm for China. The position of foreigners-Chinese or otherwise-in Chosŏn society must be understood in terms of their location within Chosŏn social hierarchies. During the early Chosŏn, all foreigners were clearly located below the sajok aristocracy. This did not change even during the eighteenth century, when the increasingly bureaucratic state recategorized Ming migrants to better accord with the Chosŏn state's official Ming Loyalism. These changes may be understood in relation to the development of bureaucratized identities in the Qing Empire and elsewhere in the world during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, and as part of the vernacularization of elite ideologies that has been noted elsewhere in Eurasia"--
Immigrants --- History. --- Korea --- History --- Emigration and immigration --- Emigrants --- Foreign-born population --- Foreign population --- Foreigners --- Migrants --- Persons --- Aliens --- Asian history
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"Using sociological research with dying migrants and care professionals, Death and the Migrant describes the unfolding drama and ordinary predicaments of transnational dying in British Cities. At times of dying, lives are looked back on and memories and losses surface. For migrants and settlers, questions of belonging and 'home' can loom large. The impact of these novel psycho-geographies is also transforming care provision as professionals encounter varied cultural cosmologies and struggle to recognise and alleviate the accumulated pain of social exclusion and injustice. And amidst the churn there are extraordinary stories of generosity and inventiveness that provide new insight into experiences of dispossession and multicultural living, revealing shared human predicaments of how bodies of all kinds survive with frailty, loss and through interdependence. These are matters that bubble up as eschatological questions that ultimately speak to us all. 'Who am I?' 'How did I get here?"--Bloomsbury Publishing.
Immigrants --- Death. --- Great Britain --- Statistics, Vital. --- Emigrants --- Foreign-born population --- Foreign population --- Foreigners --- Migrants --- Persons --- Death --- Social aspects
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This publication presents and discusses some of the key information available in the newly created Database on Immigrants in OECD Countries (DIOC). The many graphs and tables include data on: immigrants’ demography including age, gender and duration of stay; and their labour market outcomes including labour market status, occupation and sector of activity. The book consists of nine thematic chapters, each including a brief description of sources, and a discussion of cross-country differences. The chapters also include a short analysis of specific issues relevant to the data, such as the gender dimension of “brain drain”, the international migration of health professionals, and the role of low-skilled foreign-born workers in domestic services. An introductory chapter provides an overview of the data to present a picture of international migration to the OECD from four regions: Africa, Asia, and Latin America and from within the OECD area. A methodogical note completes the report by summarizing the different sources and methods applied and explaining the structure of the new DIOC. "Immigration is fascinating, and a new report from the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, A Profile of Immigrant Populations in the 21srt Century, has some juicy nuggets." -The Times (London)
Immigrants --- OECD countries --- Emigration and immigration. --- Emigrants --- Foreign-born population --- Foreign population --- Foreigners --- Migrants --- OECD member countries --- Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development countries --- Persons --- Aliens
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This report reviews recent trends in international migration, describing the size of current foreign-born populations across countries and analysing factors associated to the size and nature of these populations, reviews a set of important differences and similarities across educational systems and gives a brief description of population sizes across countries. It also provides an overview of the evidence emerging from PISA 2009 on the performance and socio-economic background of children of immigrants. Who are the children of immigrants? What do they know and what can they do? How do they differ from other students? Do they approach school and learning in a different way? It examines more closely the issue of assessment language proficiency among immigrant students and its possible impact on cognitive outcomes in PISA. It explores the effect of age at arrival on the performance of immigrant students in the PISA tests of literacy.Selective migration policies of certain countries and the attractiveness of these countries generally to highly educated migrants is also explored. It also discusses the future educational and professional career of the children of immigrant related to their performance in PISA. Does the skill and knowledge disadvantage at age 15 translate into a disadvantage in later educational outcomes? For example, are those children of immigrants less likely to access a post-secondary educational institution?
Children of immigrants -- Education. --- Immigrant students. --- Immigrants. --- Immigrants --- Education --- Social aspects. --- Emigrants --- Foreign-born population --- Foreign population --- Foreigners --- Migrants --- Persons --- Aliens
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